"'Language' is a misleading term; it too often suggests "grammar." It is a truism that a person can know perfectly the grammar of a language and not know how to use that language."
-This is saying that when one discusses language it is often assumed that with language comes grammar. This however is not true because these days especially, proper grammar is a big problem. Just because one knows the English language, it doesn't necessarily mean they will have the grammar down.
"At any moment we are using language we must say or write the right thing in the right way while playing the right social role and (appearing) to hold the right values, beliefs, and attitudes."
-If we are going to use language we must be able to use it correctly. If you use it incorrectly people can't understand what you are saying. This not only contributes to how we speak, but also how we act, dress, and how our values, beliefs, attitudes, etc. are portrayed.
"A Discourse is a sort of "identity kit" which comes complete with the appropriate costume and instructions on how to act, talk, and often write, so as to take on a particular role that others will recognize."
-A Discourse is what defines our role in society. Examples of this are doctor, teacher, student, member of a club, regular at a local bar, etc.
"After our initial socialization in our home community, each of us interacts with various non-home-based social institutions-institutions in the public sphere, beyond the family and immediate kin and peer group."
This is when we reach out to groups other than our families.
-examples: churches, schools, community groups
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